Resources for understanding the phonological systems of languages:

• Inventories and descriptions of global languages are available here.
• A review of consonant acquisition in 27 languages (McLeod & Crowe, 2018) is available here.
• IPA Handbook (World Language Phonologies): https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/content/ipa-handbook-downloads.
• Cross-Linguistic Phonology Project: https://phonodevelopment.sites.olt.ubc.ca/
• Speech Accent Archive: http://accent.gmu.edu/browse.php
• Seeing Speech (for learning non-English sounds): https://www.seeingspeech.ac.uk/ipa-charts/#location=122

Speech probes in other languages:

• Evaluación de la Fonologia Española / Evaluation of Spanish Phonology | Clinical Linguistics and Disparities Lab - The University of Iowa
• Speech Assessment Tools
• Speakaboo (Free mobile/tablet app)
  • Intended to be administered by a speaker of the language (e.g., could be an interpreter)
  • Check out the instruction videos! (the app itself doesn't explain much)
  • Provides picture word stimuli and targets for analysis
• Cross-Linguistic Phonology Project Test Materials

Sharynne McLeod's Multilingual Children's Speech site is an extensive resource with speech assessment tools, resources, and research for supporting the speech of children who speak languages other than English and/or multiple languages. 

Intelligibility in Context Scale (ICS; McLeod et al., 2012)

• A screening tool for reporting intelligibility with various conversation partners. Available here in multiple languages

Speech Participation and Activity Assessment of Children (SPAA-C; McLeod, 2004)

• Questionnaire for children and their families about the broad impact of their speech. Available here in multiple languages

A compendium of speech assessments in languages other than English:

• Accessible here (some are free and downloadable).

A tutorial on assessment with multilingual children for monolingual SLPs:

• Mcleod, S., & Verdon, S. (2017). Tutorial: Speech assessment for multilingual children who do not speak the same language(s) as the speech-language pathologist. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 26(3), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1044/2017_AJSLP-15-0161